Outline On Chapter One

0380 Soc.Sci.3 (Society, Culture & Family Planning)
H1E 9:00-10:00 (CAS)
Mary Kathy Enoc AB Mass Comunication
Russel Royette Ramiro AB Political Science

Outline on Chapter One Nature and Scope of Sociology
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1. SOCIOLOGY
- Came from two prominent languages, “Socious”, a latin word meaning companion or society,
“Logus”, a Greek word on the other hand meaning to study.
- Study of Society.

2. IMPORTANCE OF SOCIOLOGY
- Sociology is defined as the scientific study of society and human behavior. Sociology is a part of social sciences. The study of sociology aims at analyzing the patterns of human behavior, deriving their causes and speculating the future of the behavioral patterns in society.

3. SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES
a. Structural – Functionalist Theory
- Structural functionalism is close to humanistic sociology in its understanding of society as shared norms and values. Structural functionalism arose from functionalism in the attempt to explain the dominance of some social groups over others, known as conflict theory.
- society is viewed as composed of various parts, each with a function which contributes to society's equilibrium.
- this is also a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts works together to promote solidarity and stability.

Proponent
1.Auguste Comte

b. Conflict Theory
- are perspectives in social sciencewhich emphasize the social, political or material inequality of a social group, which critique the broad socio-political system, or which otherwise detract from structural functionalismand ideological conservativism. Conflict theories draw attention to power differentials, such as class conflict, and generally contrast historically dominant ideologies.
- society is viewed as composed of groups competing for scare resources.

Proponent
1.Émile Durkheim
2.Karl Marx

c. Symbolic Interaction Theory
- Symbolic interactionism views society as consisting of interactions among individuals. Hence the focus on individuals and the organization and patterns found in their everyday activities. It seeks to deal with problems like identity. Problems found in symbolic interactionism, such as inadequate analysis of social structure, led to a fork in the roadof social science.
- society is viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their views of the world and communicate with one another.

Proponent
1.Harriet Martineau

d. Exchange Theory
- Is a social psychological and sociological perspective that explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between parties. Social exchange theory posits that all human relationships are formed by the use of a subjective cost-benefit analysis and the comparison of alternatives. The theory has roots in economics, psychology and sociology.

Proponent
1.Harriet Martineau